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ICEX Commodity Profile – Mustard Seed
Mustard seed or Rapeseed, which is cultivated throughout the world,
belongs to the family Cruciferae under the genus Brassica with large
number of species and sub-species cultivated in India. Brassica juncea
L. (rai) was originally introduced from China into northeastern India,
from where it has extended into Afghanistan via Punjab. Eastern
Afghanistan, together with the adjoining northwestern India is one of
the independent centers of origin of brown sarson (Brassica campestris
var. brown sarson).
Economic importance
- Mustard is important edible oilseed, oil content of the seeds ranges
from 38- 46%.
- The seed and oil are used as a condiment in the preparation of pickles
and for flavouring curries and vegetables.
- The oilcake is mostly used as cattle feed.
- The leaves of young plants are used as a green vegetable.
- The use of mustard oil for industrial purposes is limited on account of
its high cost.
Global Scenario
Mustard crop is grown both in subtropical and tropical countries. In
Asia, it is mainly grown in China, India and Pakistan. It is also grown
in Europe, Canada and erstwhile USSR. Major producing countries of
mustard seed are EU-27, followed by China, Canada and India. Among
exporting countries, Canada is on the top with the share of 69% of total
global exports. Other major exporting countries are Ukraine, followed by
Australia, United States and Belarus. Major importing countries of
mustard across the globe are Japan, followed by EU-27, Mexico, China and
United States.
Domestic Scenario
Rapeseed-mustard is the second most important edible oilseed crop in
India after groundnut Mustard is one of the major sources of oil and
meal to India. Mustard oil is traditionally the most important oil for
the Northern, Central and Eastern parts of the country. Major mustard
producing states in country are Rajasthan, accounting more than 50% of
its production followed by Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and
Gujarat.
Peak arrival period for mustard seed is between February & May.
Thereafter, its arrivals start declining and least in the month of
October. Delhi and Hapur are the major market for mustard in India and
the prices of these markets serve as 'reference' for other subsidiary
markets. |
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