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ICEX Commodity Profile – Chana
Chana or chickpea or Bengal gram or gram is an ancient crop that
marked its origination even before 10000 B.C. It is said to be one of
the oldest pulses known and cultivated in Asia and Europe. Chana belongs
to family Leguminoseae. There are two main varieties of gram. The
varieties of gram are separated on the basis of the seed size, color and
taste. Two of those varieties, namely Desi Gram (Cicer arietinum) and
Kabuli Gram (Cicer kabulium), as they are termed in India, are very
important in terms of usage and commercial purposes. Desi gram is the
main type grown in India.
Economic importance
- Chana is a highly nutritious pulse.
- It is a protein-rich supplement to all cereal-based diet, especially for
vegetarians.
- It contains 25% proteins, which are rich in lysine and have low sulfur
containing amino acids.
- Chana is used in preparation of chana dal, besan, snack foods, namkeen,
dough products and sweet & savoury products etc.
Global Scenario
Chana / Gram is the world’s third most-important food legume crop. It
accounts for 13% share in world’s pulses production India is the largest
producer of chana with a share of 67 percent of world output. Other
major chana producing countries are Pakistan, Turkey, Australia, Iran,
Ethiopia and Myanmar. More than 90% of the chickpeas are consumed in the
countries where they are produced. Developing countries like India and
Pakistan import to meet the shortages from countries like Australia and
Canada.
Domestic Scenario
Gram is the most important of pulse crops grown in India, ranking fourth
among the grain crops in acreage and production. The major producing
states in India are Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Uttar
Pradesh. These constitute nearly 80% of total production. Madhya Pradesh
is the largest gram producing state in India.
Gram is cultivated as a Rabi crop. The peak arrivals can be seen during
February-April across the country. Among various markets in the country,
Indore & Delhi are the major trading centers for Gram. The prices at
Delhi are higher than Indore throughout period since produce arrives
from different parts of the country and transportation cost involves in
the prices. |
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